Can Continuing to Take an Antibiotic That You Are Allergic to Cause Kidney Problems
Tubulointerstitial nephritis is inflammation that affects the tubules of the kidneys and the tissues that surround them (interstitial tissue).
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This disorder may be caused by diseases, drugs, and toxins that damage the kidneys.
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People may have excessive urination, urinate at night, or have fever and/or a rash.
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Laboratory tests of blood and urine are done as well as usually imaging tests and sometimes a kidney biopsy.
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Stopping exposure to harmful drugs and toxins and treating underlying disorders improve kidney function.
Tubulointerstitial nephritis may be
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Acute (sudden)
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Chronic (gradual)
The most common cause of acute tubulointerstitial nephritis is an allergic reaction to a drug. Antibiotics such as penicillin and the sulfonamides, diuretics, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)—including aspirin—may trigger an allergic reaction. The interval between the exposure to the allergen that caused the reaction and the development of acute tubulointerstitial nephritis varies usually from 3 days to 5 weeks.
Drugs can also cause tubulointerstitial nephritis through nonallergic mechanisms. For example, NSAIDs can directly damage the kidney, taking up to 18 months to cause chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis.
Some people have few or no symptoms. When symptoms develop, they are highly variable and may develop suddenly or gradually.
When tubulointerstitial nephritis develops suddenly, the amount of urine produced may be normal or less than normal. Sometimes the amount of urine produced is excessive and people urinate more frequently and waken during the night to urinate (nocturia). If the cause is pyelonephritis, symptoms may include fever, painful urination, and pain in the lower back or side (flank). If the cause is an allergic reaction, symptoms may include fever and a rash.
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Laboratory tests
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Sometimes imaging tests
When tubulointerstitial nephritis develops suddenly, the urine may be almost normal, with only a trace of protein or pus, but often the abnormalities are striking. The urine may show large numbers of white blood cells, including eosinophils. Eosinophils do not normally appear in the urine, but when they do, a person may have acute tubulointerstitial nephritis caused by an allergic reaction. In such cases, blood tests may show that the number of eosinophils in the blood is increased.
A doctor may order ultrasonography, radionuclide scanning, or both. When an allergic reaction is the cause, the kidneys usually are large because of inflammation caused by the allergic reaction. This enlargement can be seen with radionuclide scanning or ultrasonography, which are imaging studies done to differentiate acute tubulointerstitial nephritis from other sudden kidney disorders.
When the inflammation occurs gradually, kidney damage may develop at different rates in different portions of the kidney. The person may develop abnormalities characteristic of damage to different portions of the kidney at different times. However, kidney damage usually progresses to involve most or all of both kidneys and becomes irreversible.
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Treating the cause
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Corticosteroids
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Dialysis or kidney transplantation
The first step in treating acute tubulointerstitial nephritis is to stop whatever drug is causing the kidney damage and treat the underlying disorder. Treatment with a corticosteroid may speed the recovery of kidney function when tubulointerstitial nephritis is caused by certain disorders (such as systemic lupus erythematosus Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Systemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory connective tissue disorder that can involve joints, kidneys, skin, mucous membranes, and blood vessel walls. Problems in the... read more 
and Sjögren syndrome Sjögren Syndrome Sjögren syndrome is a common autoimmune connective tissue disorder and is characterized by excessive dryness of the eyes, mouth, and other mucous membranes. White blood cells can infiltrate... read more 
) or an allergic reaction. If kidney function worsens and kidney failure develops, dialysis Dialysis Dialysis is an artificial process for removing waste products and excess fluids from the body, a process that is needed when the kidneys are not functioning properly. There are a number of reasons... read more 
is usually needed. In some cases, the damage is irreversible, and kidney failure becomes chronic.
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Source: https://www.msdmanuals.com/home/kidney-and-urinary-tract-disorders/kidney-filtering-disorders/tubulointerstitial-nephritis
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